Note
The laws and regulations listed below are applicable in
Germany. Different or additional laws and regulations may apply
in other countries.
The effects of climate change can be seen wor
Refrigerant Circuit, Converting R12 to R134a and Servicing
Note
For environmental reasons and on account of the
corresponding legislation, refrigerant R12 can no longer be
manufactured or
Physical Principles
The four known states of water also apply to air
conditioning system refrigerants.
1 - Gaseous (invisible)
2 - Vapor
3 - Liquid
4 - Solid
When water is heated in a container (heat absorption), water
vapor can be seen to rise. If the vapo
Safety Precautions when Working on Vehicles with Start/Stop System
There is a risk of injury due to the engine starting
unexpectedly.
The engine can start unexpectedly on vehicles with an
activated Start/Stop System. A message in the instrument cluster
indicates whether the Start/Stop System is a